Can batching reuse one parameter stream?
Hypothesis: traffic stays flat while useful applications rise.
YES
batch 1 8 32 128
bytes read ─────────────────────
useful work ████████████████████▶
Measured: Ps equals batch size; streamed and resident outputs agree bit-for-bit.
method + raw results →
Can scalar CPU compute keep up with cached storage?
Hypothesis: storage becomes the bottleneck at a measured batch.
NO
page cache ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━→scalar CPU ━→≈196× gap
The tested engine stayed compute-bound. This gives purpose-built arithmetic a concrete job; it does not prove FPGA speed.
reproduce with just bench →